Pythonモジュールのインストールに失敗しました。 "limits.h"がありませんか?

Pythonモジュールのインストールに失敗しました。 "limits.h"がありませんか?

コンパイルが必要ないくつかのPython 3モジュール(regex、cytoolsz、spacyなど)をインストールしようとすると、すべて以下のエラー(下部)で失敗します。 "limits.h"が存在するかどうかを確認するために、以下のgrepを使用してみました。 gcc、g++ build-essentials、python3-devなどを再インストールしましたが、役に立ちません。

Ubuntu 18.10を使用しています。

dpkg -s gcc  
Package: gcc
Status: install ok installed
Priority: optional
Section: devel
Installed-Size: 50
Maintainer: Ubuntu Developers <[email protected]>
Architecture: amd64
Source: gcc-defaults (1.179ubuntu1)
Version: 4:8.2.0-1ubuntu1
Provides: c-compiler, gcc-x86-64-linux-gnu (= 4:8.2.0-1ubuntu1)
Depends: cpp (= 4:8.2.0-1ubuntu1), gcc-8 (>= 8.2.0-4~)
Recommends: libc6-dev | libc-dev
Suggests: gcc-multilib, make, manpages-dev, autoconf, automake, libtool, flex, bison, gdb, gcc-doc
Conflicts: gcc-doc (<< 1:2.95.3)
Description: GNU C compiler
 This is the GNU C compiler, a fairly portable optimizing compiler for C.
 .
 This is a dependency package providing the default GNU C compiler.
Original-Maintainer: Debian GCC Maintainers <[email protected]>

確認する:

x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc -xc -E -v /dev/null

Using built-in specs.
COLLECT_GCC=x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc
OFFLOAD_TARGET_NAMES=nvptx-none
OFFLOAD_TARGET_DEFAULT=1
Target: x86_64-linux-gnu
Configured with: ../src/configure -v --with-pkgversion='Ubuntu 8.2.0-7ubuntu1' --with-bugurl=file:///usr/share/doc/gcc-8/README.Bugs --enable-languages=c,ada,c++,go,brig,d,fortran,objc,obj-c++ --prefix=/usr --with-gcc-major-version-only --program-suffix=-8 --program-prefix=x86_64-linux-gnu- --enable-shared --enable-linker-build-id --libexecdir=/usr/lib --without-included-gettext --enable-threads=posix --libdir=/usr/lib --enable-nls --with-sysroot=/ --enable-clocale=gnu --enable-libstdcxx-debug --enable-libstdcxx-time=yes --with-default-libstdcxx-abi=new --enable-gnu-unique-object --disable-vtable-verify --enable-libmpx --enable-plugin --enable-default-pie --with-system-zlib --with-target-system-zlib --enable-objc-gc=auto --enable-multiarch --disable-werror --with-arch-32=i686 --with-abi=m64 --with-multilib-list=m32,m64,mx32 --enable-multilib --with-tune=generic --enable-offload-targets=nvptx-none --without-cuda-driver --enable-checking=release --build=x86_64-linux-gnu --host=x86_64-linux-gnu --target=x86_64-linux-gnu
Thread model: posix
gcc version 8.2.0 (Ubuntu 8.2.0-7ubuntu1) 
COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-E' '-v' '-mtune=generic' '-march=x86-64'
 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/8/cc1 -E -quiet -v -imultiarch x86_64-linux-gnu /dev/null -mtune=generic -march=x86-64 -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Wformat-security
ignoring nonexistent directory "/usr/local/include/x86_64-linux-gnu"
ignoring nonexistent directory "/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/8/include-fixed"
ignoring nonexistent directory "/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/8/../../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/include"
#include "..." search starts here:
#include <...> search starts here:
 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/8/include
 /usr/local/include
 /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu
 /usr/include
End of search list.
# 1 "/dev/null"
# 1 "<built-in>"
# 1 "<command-line>"
# 31 "<command-line>"
# 1 "/usr/include/stdc-predef.h" 1 3 4
# 32 "<command-line>" 2
# 1 "/dev/null"
COMPILER_PATH=/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/8/:/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/8/:/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/:/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/8/:/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/
LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/8/:/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/8/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/:/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/8/../../../../lib/:/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/:/lib/../lib/:/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/:/usr/lib/../lib/:/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/8/../../../:/lib/:/usr/lib/
COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-E' '-v' '-mtune=generic' '-march=x86-64'

確認する:

dpkg -S limits.h | grep linux
linux-headers-4.18.0-15: /usr/src/linux-headers-4.18.0-15/include/linux/dynamic_queue_limits.h
linux-libc-dev:amd64: /usr/include/linux/limits.h
linux-headers-4.19.0-041900rc8: /usr/src/linux-headers-4.19.0-041900rc8/include/uapi/linux/limits.h
linux-headers-4.18.0-14: /usr/src/linux-headers-4.18.0-14/include/linux/drbd_limits.h
linux-headers-4.18.0-15: /usr/src/linux-headers-4.18.0-15/arch/arm/include/asm/limits.h
linux-headers-4.18.0-14: /usr/src/linux-headers-4.18.0-14/include/uapi/linux/limits.h
linux-headers-4.18.0-14: /usr/src/linux-headers-4.18.0-14/include/linux/dynamic_queue_limits.h
libgcc-8-dev:amd64: /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/8/include-fixed/limits.h
linux-headers-4.18.0-14: /usr/src/linux-headers-4.18.0-14/arch/arm/include/asm/limits.h
linux-headers-4.18.0-15: /usr/src/linux-headers-4.18.0-15/include/linux/drbd_limits.h
linux-headers-4.19.0-041900rc8: /usr/src/linux-headers-4.19.0-041900rc8/include/linux/drbd_limits.h
linux-headers-4.18.0-15: /usr/src/linux-headers-4.18.0-15/include/uapi/linux/limits.h
linux-headers-4.19.0-041900rc8: /usr/src/linux-headers-4.19.0-041900rc8/include/linux/dynamic_queue_limits.h
linux-headers-4.19.0-041900rc8: /usr/src/linux-headers-4.19.0-041900rc8/arch/arm/include/asm/limits.h
libgcc-8-dev:amd64: /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/8/include-fixed/syslimits.h

間違い:

    sudo pip3 install regex                   
The directory '/home/mac/.cache/pip/http' or its parent directory is not owned by the current user and the cache has been disabled. Please check the permissions and owner of that directory. If executing pip with sudo, you may want sudo's -H flag.
The directory '/home/mac/.cache/pip' or its parent directory is not owned by the current user and caching wheels has been disabled. check the permissions and owner of that directory. If executing pip with sudo, you may want sudo's -H flag.
Collecting regex
  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/9a/6f/8c1479c781bbc94394f9c4e33ad4139068bcc6a1b018c5a5525471262b8a/regex-2019.02.18.tar.gz (643kB)
    100% |████████████████████████████████| 645kB 813kB/s 
Installing collected packages: regex
  Running setup.py install for regex ... error
    Complete output from command /usr/bin/python3 -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/tmp/pip-build-n16bk3y6/regex/setup.py';f=getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('\r\n', '\n');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /tmp/pip-z1rqj4ab-record/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile:
    /home/mac/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/setuptools/dist.py:475: UserWarning: Normalizing '2019.02.18' to '2019.2.18'
      normalized_version,
    running install
    running build
    running build_py
    creating build
    creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6
    copying regex_3/regex.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6
    copying regex_3/_regex_core.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6
    copying regex_3/test_regex.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6
    running build_ext
    building '_regex' extension
    creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.6
    creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.6/regex_3
    x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc -pthread -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -g -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -Wdate-time -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fPIC -I/usr/include/python3.6m -c regex_3/_regex.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.6/regex_3/_regex.o
    In file included from /usr/include/python3.6m/Python.h:11,
                     from regex_3/_regex.c:48:
    /usr/include/limits.h:124:26: error: no include path in which to search for limits.h
     # include_next <limits.h>
                              ^
    In file included from regex_3/_regex.c:48:
    /usr/include/python3.6m/Python.h:14:2: error: #error "Something's broken.  UCHAR_MAX should be defined in limits.h."
     #error "Something's broken.  UCHAR_MAX should be defined in limits.h."
      ^~~~~
    /usr/include/python3.6m/Python.h:18:2: error: #error "Python's source code assumes C's unsigned char is an 8-bit type."
     #error "Python's source code assumes C's unsigned char is an 8-bit type."
      ^~~~~
    In file included from /usr/include/python3.6m/Python.h:25,
                     from regex_3/_regex.c:48:
    /usr/include/stdio.h:33:10: fatal error: stddef.h: No such file or directory
     #include <stddef.h>
              ^~~~~~~~~~
    compilation terminated.
    error: command 'x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc' failed with exit status 1

    ----------------------------------------
Command "/usr/bin/python3 -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/tmp/pip-build-n16bk3y6/regex/setup.py';f=getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('\r\n', '\n');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /tmp/pip-z1rqj4ab-record/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile" failed with error code 1 in /tmp/pip-build-n16bk3y6/regex/

どちらもインストールlinux-libc-devされ、libc6-dev両方とも再インストールしてみました。私PATHのもの:

$ echo $PATH
/home/mac/.opam/system/bin:/home/mac/.local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games:/snap/bin 

また、以前のカーネル4.18.0で起動しようとしましたが、結果は同じでした。

答え1

分析する(スキップできますが、今後同様の問題を診断するのに役立ちます。)

GCClimits.hから/usr/include/limits.hその他 limits.h文書):

/usr/include/limits.h:124:26: error: no include path in which to search for limits.h

検査により、/usr/include/limits.h以下を確認できます。

$ sed -n 117,125p /usr/include/limits.h
 /* Get the compiler's limits.h, which defines almost all the ISO constants.

    We put this #include_next outside the double inclusion check because
    it should be possible to include this file more than once and still get
    the definitions from gcc's header.  */
#if defined __GNUC__ && !defined _GCC_LIMITS_H_
/* `_GCC_LIMITS_H_' is what GCC's file defines.  */
# include_next <limits.h>
#endif

つまり、libcには次のものlimits.hが含まれます。その他 limits.hコンパイラ自体から提供されます。このapt-fileツールといくつかの常識を使用して、必要なパッケージが次のものであることを確認できますlibgcc-8-dev

$ apt-file search /limits.h | grep gcc-8
libgcc-8-dev: /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/8/include-fixed/limits.h
...

クエリdpkgにインストールされているパッケージとファイルが一覧表示されます。

$ dpkg -S limits.h | grep linux
libgcc-8-dev:amd64: /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/8/include-fixed/limits.h
...

しかし、GCCはディレクトリの欠落について文句を言います。

$ x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc -xc -E -v /dev/null
...
ignoring nonexistent directory "/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/8/include-fixed"

結論と修正

これはすべて、libgcc-8-devシステムのパッケージが何らかの方法で破損していることを意味します。復元するには、以下を実行してください。

$ sudo apt-get install --reinstall libgcc-8-dev

8(あなたが持っている適切な主要なGCCバージョンに置き換える必要があるかもしれません)

一般に、他の方法でシステムからGCCインストールを手動で削除または変更したことがない場合は、ファイルlimits.hシステムの一貫性とハードドライブの状態を確認することをお勧めします。

関連情報