昨日からSSDがBIOSから欠落していることがあります。ところで、今朝ブートメニューから完全に消えました。トラブルシューティングの一環として、SATAケーブルを交換して電源コードを再接続しましたが、ある時点で起動時に認識されました。何の問題もなくOS（Mint 18）に入りました。
私が重要と思うデータをバックアップした後、smartctl簡単なテストを実行してみると、次のような結果が出ました。この問題についてよく知っている人なら、問題のSSDが実際に放棄される直前であるか、または記載されたエラーを修正する希望があるかどうかを確認できますか？
smartctl 6.5 2016-01-24 r4214 [x86_64-linux-4.15.0-45-generic] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-16, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Model Family: Crucial/Micron RealSSD m4/C400/P400
Device Model: M4-CT064M4SSD2
Serial Number: 0000000011270313DEA7
LU WWN Device Id: 5 00a075 10313dea7
Firmware Version: 070H
User Capacity: 64,023,257,088 bytes [64.0 GB]
Sector Size: 512 bytes logical/physical
Rotation Rate: Solid State Device
Form Factor: 2.5 inches
Device is: In smartctl database [for details use: -P show]
ATA Version is: ACS-2, ATA8-ACS T13/1699-D revision 6
SATA Version is: SATA 3.0, 6.0 Gb/s (current: 3.0 Gb/s)
Local Time is: Mon Mar 4 13:22:22 2019 +06
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled
=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED
General SMART Values:
Offline data collection status: (0x80) Offline data collection activity
was never started.
Auto Offline Data Collection: Enabled.
Self-test execution status: ( 121) The previous self-test completed having
the read element of the test failed.
Total time to complete Offline
data collection: ( 295) seconds.
Offline data collection
capabilities: (0x7b) SMART execute Offline immediate.
Auto Offline data collection on/off support.
Suspend Offline collection upon new
command.
Offline surface scan supported.
Self-test supported.
Conveyance Self-test supported.
Selective Self-test supported.
SMART capabilities: (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering
power-saving mode.
Supports SMART auto save timer.
Error logging capability: (0x01) Error logging supported.
General Purpose Logging supported.
Short self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 2) minutes.
Extended self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 4) minutes.
Conveyance self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 3) minutes.
SCT capabilities: (0x003d) SCT Status supported.
SCT Error Recovery Control supported.
SCT Feature Control supported.
SCT Data Table supported.
SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 16
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME FLAG VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE UPDATED WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate 0x002f 084 084 050 Pre-fail Always - 17
5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct 0x0033 100 100 010 Pre-fail Always - 18432
9 Power_On_Hours 0x0032 100 100 001 Old_age Always - 9383
12 Power_Cycle_Count 0x0032 100 100 001 Old_age Always - 5270
170 Grown_Failing_Block_Ct 0x0033 100 100 010 Pre-fail Always - 9
171 Program_Fail_Count 0x0032 100 100 001 Old_age Always - 483
172 Erase_Fail_Count 0x0032 100 100 001 Old_age Always - 0
173 Wear_Leveling_Count 0x0033 095 095 010 Pre-fail Always - 174
174 Unexpect_Power_Loss_Ct 0x0032 100 100 001 Old_age Always - 164
181 Non4k_Aligned_Access 0x0022 100 100 001 Old_age Always - 1555 506 1049
183 SATA_Iface_Downshift 0x0032 100 100 001 Old_age Always - 0
184 End-to-End_Error 0x0033 100 100 050 Pre-fail Always - 0
187 Reported_Uncorrect 0x0032 100 100 001 Old_age Always - 25
188 Command_Timeout 0x0032 100 100 001 Old_age Always - 0
189 Factory_Bad_Block_Ct 0x000e 100 100 001 Old_age Always - 49
194 Temperature_Celsius 0x0022 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
195 Hardware_ECC_Recovered 0x003a 100 100 001 Old_age Always - 0
196 Reallocated_Event_Count 0x0032 100 100 001 Old_age Always - 9
197 Current_Pending_Sector 0x0032 100 100 001 Old_age Always - 0
198 Offline_Uncorrectable 0x0030 100 100 001 Old_age Offline - 0
199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count 0x0032 100 100 001 Old_age Always - 1019
202 Perc_Rated_Life_Used 0x0018 095 095 001 Old_age Offline - 5
206 Write_Error_Rate 0x000e 100 100 001 Old_age Always - 483
SMART Error Log Version: 1
Warning: ATA error count 0 inconsistent with error log pointer 3
ATA Error Count: 0
CR = Command Register [HEX]
FR = Features Register [HEX]
SC = Sector Count Register [HEX]
SN = Sector Number Register [HEX]
CL = Cylinder Low Register [HEX]
CH = Cylinder High Register [HEX]
DH = Device/Head Register [HEX]
DC = Device Command Register [HEX]
ER = Error register [HEX]
ST = Status register [HEX]
Powered_Up_Time is measured from power on, and printed as
DDd+hh:mm:SS.sss where DD=days, hh=hours, mm=minutes,
SS=sec, and sss=millisec. It "wraps" after 49.710 days.
Error 0 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 9381 hours (390 days + 21 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.
After command completion occurred, registers were:
ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
00 50 08 d0 34 2c 40 at LBA = 0x002c34d0 = 2897104
Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- --------------------
60 00 08 d0 34 2c 40 00 42d+22:22:28.928 READ FPDMA QUEUED
ef 10 02 00 00 00 a0 00 42d+22:22:28.928 SET FEATURES [Enable SATA feature]
27 00 00 00 00 00 e0 00 42d+22:22:28.928 READ NATIVE MAX ADDRESS EXT [OBS-ACS-3]
ec 00 00 00 00 00 a0 00 42d+22:22:28.928 IDENTIFY DEVICE
ef 03 45 00 00 00 a0 00 42d+22:22:28.928 SET FEATURES [Set transfer mode]
Error -1 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 9381 hours (390 days + 21 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.
After command completion occurred, registers were:
ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
00 50 08 d0 34 2c 40 at LBA = 0x002c34d0 = 2897104
Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- --------------------
60 00 08 d0 34 2c 40 00 42d+22:22:28.928 READ FPDMA QUEUED
60 00 08 c8 34 2c 40 00 42d+22:22:28.928 READ FPDMA QUEUED
ef 10 02 00 00 00 a0 00 42d+22:22:28.928 SET FEATURES [Enable SATA feature]
27 00 00 00 00 00 e0 00 42d+22:22:28.928 READ NATIVE MAX ADDRESS EXT [OBS-ACS-3]
ec 00 00 00 00 00 a0 00 42d+22:22:28.928 IDENTIFY DEVICE
Error -2 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 9381 hours (390 days + 21 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.
After command completion occurred, registers were:
ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
00 50 30 d0 34 2c 40 at LBA = 0x002c34d0 = 2897104
Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- --------------------
60 00 30 c8 34 2c 40 00 42d+22:22:28.928 READ FPDMA QUEUED
60 00 90 20 49 2d 40 00 42d+22:22:28.928 READ FPDMA QUEUED
60 03 88 48 19 2d 40 00 42d+22:22:28.928 READ FPDMA QUEUED
60 00 90 b8 38 2d 40 00 42d+22:22:28.928 READ FPDMA QUEUED
60 00 90 e8 30 2d 40 00 42d+22:22:28.928 READ FPDMA QUEUED
Error -3 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 9381 hours (390 days + 21 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.
After command completion occurred, registers were:
ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
00 50 80 f8 f8 b4 40 at LBA = 0x00b4f8f8 = 11860216
Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- --------------------
61 00 80 40 0b 7c 40 00 42d+21:42:28.928 WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
61 00 40 80 09 7c 40 00 42d+21:42:28.928 WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
61 00 40 00 09 7c 40 00 42d+21:42:28.928 WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
61 00 88 00 f8 b4 40 00 42d+21:42:28.928 WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
61 00 40 00 14 58 40 00 42d+21:42:28.928 WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
Error -4 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 9380 hours (390 days + 20 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.
After command completion occurred, registers were:
ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
00 50 10 40 0b 7c 40 at LBA = 0x007c0b40 = 8129344
Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- --------------------
61 00 10 00 2e 17 40 00 42d+21:32:28.928 WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
61 00 10 88 2d 17 40 00 42d+21:32:28.928 WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
61 00 08 58 2d 17 40 00 42d+21:32:28.928 WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
61 00 10 40 2d 17 40 00 42d+21:32:28.928 WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
61 00 18 20 2d 17 40 00 42d+21:32:28.928 WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
Num Test_Description Status Remaining LifeTime(hours) LBA_of_first_error
# 1 Short offline Completed: read failure 90% 9383 2719472
# 2 Vendor (0xff) Completed without error 00% 9289 -
# 3 Vendor (0xff) Completed without error 00% 7651 -
# 4 Vendor (0xff) Completed without error 00% 6793 -
# 5 Vendor (0xff) Completed without error 00% 6785 -
# 6 Vendor (0xff) Completed without error 00% 6570 -
# 7 Vendor (0xff) Completed without error 00% 6171 -
SMART Selective self-test log data structure revision number 1
SPAN MIN_LBA MAX_LBA CURRENT_TEST_STATUS
1 0 0 Not_testing
2 0 0 Not_testing
3 0 0 Not_testing
4 0 0 Not_testing
5 0 0 Not_testing
Selective self-test flags (0x0):
After scanning selected spans, do NOT read-scan remainder of disk.
If Selective self-test is pending on power-up, resume after 0 minute delay.
PS。症状が最初に現れたときにinitramfsコマンドプロンプトで停止したことにも言及する価値があります。それからfschkSSDで一度実行してみましたが、その時問題が解決したようです。
答え1
タイトルの質問に答えるにはいいえ、SMART結果自体は心配する価値はありません。ドライブに読み込めないセクタがある場合でも、次の書き込み時に内部スペア領域でそのセクタを再割り当てします。これまでのところReallocated_Event_Count、交換用に予約されているフラッシュブロックは9つだけです（図に示すように9 * 2048 = 18432セクタに相当）。Reallocated_Sector_Ct
現在読めないセクタが通常のシステム動作で上書きされるのを待たないようにするには、次の手順を実行します。ddまたは、同じツールを使用して手動で作成します。hdparmしかし、確かに心が弱い人のためのものではありません（書き込み位置を設定するときに間違いをすると、完全に有効な一部のデータが失われます）。
ただし、他の症状（たとえば、電源を入れたときにドライブが認識されない場合）は、実際に電子機器の寿命が終わったことを示している可能性があります。ほとんどの場合、これらの問題はPSUまたはケーブル接続の問題が原因で発生するため、ドライブを別のコンピュータに接続するか、PSUを交換してみてください。
SMARTテストは通常、電子デバイスに問題があるかどうかを知らせず、主にコントローラではなく実際の記憶媒体をテストします。
答え2
情報
Self-test execution status: ( 121) The previous self-test completed having the read element of the test failed.
そして
Num Test_Description Status Remaining LifeTime(hours) LBA_of_first_error
# 1 Short offline Completed: read failure 90% 9383 2719472
ドライブに障害があり、ドライブ自体が論理ブロックアドレス2719472を正しく読み取ることができないことを示します。
次の場所でもカーネルメッセージを見つけることができます。/var/log/メッセージログは次のようになります。これ:
100％に近づくには、ドライブを別のホストに接続してスマートテストを繰り返します。マザーボードが老化してBIOSがドライブを認識しない状況がありましたが、他のシステムでは正常に動作しました。