以下の結果によると、SATAハードドライブを廃棄する必要がありますかsmartctl？
起動時にファイルシステムエラーが発生し続け、fsck前回はそれを修正できませんでした。その後、ライブUSB（Fedora）を使用してディスクユーティリティを使用して確認し、2500以上の不良セクタが表示されました。
オンラインで修正を検索した結果、「フルフォーマットとゼロパディング」が不良セクタを修正できることがわかりました。私はそうしましたが、SATAハードドライブでは12時間以上かかりました。不良セクタは消えませんでしたが、776に減りました（ディスクユーティリティに表示されます）。
その後、詳細な結果を得るためにSMARTテストを行うことにしましたsmartctl。短いSMARTテストに合格しましたが、拡張テストは失敗しました（以下のログ構造を参照）。可能な修正を説明するのが難しいという事実が明らかになり、ここに質問をインポートすることにしました。
今、ハードドライブを使用する必要がありますか？
下記の詳細結果をご確認の上、ご提案ください。
[liveuser@localhost-live ~]$ sudo smartctl -a -d ata /dev/sda
smartctl 7.1 2019-12-30 r5022 [x86_64-linux-5.3.7-301.fc31.x86_64] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-19, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Model Family: Seagate Mobile HDD
Device Model: ST1000LM035-1RK172
Serial Number: ZDE6YPLW
LU WWN Device Id: 5 000c50 0a5ef85fb
Firmware Version: LCM2
User Capacity: 1,000,204,886,016 bytes [1.00 TB]
Sector Sizes: 512 bytes logical, 4096 bytes physical
Rotation Rate: 5400 rpm
Form Factor: 2.5 inches
Device is: In smartctl database [for details use: -P show]
ATA Version is: ACS-3 T13/2161-D revision 3b
SATA Version is: SATA 3.1, 6.0 Gb/s (current: 6.0 Gb/s)
Local Time is: Fri May 22 09:37:52 2020 EDT
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled
=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED
General SMART Values:
Offline data collection status: (0x00) Offline data collection activity
was never started.
Auto Offline Data Collection: Disabled.
Self-test execution status: ( 121) The previous self-test completed having
the read element of the test failed.
Total time to complete Offline
data collection: ( 0) seconds.
Offline data collection
capabilities: (0x71) SMART execute Offline immediate.
No Auto Offline data collection support.
Suspend Offline collection upon new
command.
No Offline surface scan supported.
Self-test supported.
Conveyance Self-test supported.
Selective Self-test supported.
SMART capabilities: (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering
power-saving mode.
Supports SMART auto save timer.
Error logging capability: (0x01) Error logging supported.
General Purpose Logging supported.
Short self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 1) minutes.
Extended self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 163) minutes.
Conveyance self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 2) minutes.
SCT capabilities: (0x3035) SCT Status supported.
SCT Feature Control supported.
SCT Data Table supported.
SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 10
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME FLAG VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE UPDATED WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate 0x000f 080 037 034 Pre-fail Always - 190487919
3 Spin_Up_Time 0x0003 099 099 000 Pre-fail Always - 0
4 Start_Stop_Count 0x0032 098 098 020 Old_age Always - 2272
5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct 0x0033 095 095 036 Pre-fail Always - 784
7 Seek_Error_Rate 0x000f 080 060 045 Pre-fail Always - 107066354
9 Power_On_Hours 0x0032 095 095 000 Old_age Always - 5196 (144 134 0)
10 Spin_Retry_Count 0x0013 100 100 097 Pre-fail Always - 0
12 Power_Cycle_Count 0x0032 099 099 020 Old_age Always - 1855
184 End-to-End_Error 0x0032 100 100 099 Old_age Always - 0
187 Reported_Uncorrect 0x0032 001 001 000 Old_age Always - 33763
188 Command_Timeout 0x0032 100 098 000 Old_age Always - 107375951904
189 High_Fly_Writes 0x003a 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
190 Airflow_Temperature_Cel 0x0022 061 050 040 Old_age Always - 39 (Min/Max 26/45)
191 G-Sense_Error_Rate 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 20
192 Power-Off_Retract_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 167
193 Load_Cycle_Count 0x0032 067 067 000 Old_age Always - 67875
194 Temperature_Celsius 0x0022 039 050 000 Old_age Always - 39 (0 10 0 0 0)
196 Reallocated_Event_Count 0x0032 095 095 000 Old_age Always - 784
197 Current_Pending_Sector 0x0012 100 078 000 Old_age Always - 8
198 Offline_Uncorrectable 0x0010 100 078 000 Old_age Offline - 8
199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count 0x003e 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 26
240 Head_Flying_Hours 0x000f 095 095 030 Pre-fail Always - 4839 (0 13 0)
254 Free_Fall_Sensor 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
SMART Error Log Version: 1
ATA Error Count: 36087 (device log contains only the most recent five errors)
CR = Command Register [HEX]
FR = Features Register [HEX]
SC = Sector Count Register [HEX]
SN = Sector Number Register [HEX]
CL = Cylinder Low Register [HEX]
CH = Cylinder High Register [HEX]
DH = Device/Head Register [HEX]
DC = Device Command Register [HEX]
ER = Error register [HEX]
ST = Status register [HEX]
Powered_Up_Time is measured from power on, and printed as
DDd+hh:mm:SS.sss where DD=days, hh=hours, mm=minutes,
SS=sec, and sss=millisec. It "wraps" after 49.710 days.
Error 36087 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 5164 hours (215 days + 4 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.
After command completion occurred, registers were:
ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
40 51 00 ff ff ff 0f Error: WP at LBA = 0x0fffffff = 268435455
Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- --------------------
61 00 20 ff ff ff 4f 00 00:02:19.673 WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
60 00 08 ff ff ff 4f 00 00:02:18.472 READ FPDMA QUEUED
ef 10 02 00 00 00 a0 00 00:02:18.378 SET FEATURES [Enable SATA feature]
27 00 00 00 00 00 e0 00 00:02:18.351 READ NATIVE MAX ADDRESS EXT [OBS-ACS-3]
ec 00 00 00 00 00 a0 00 00:02:18.349 IDENTIFY DEVICE
Error 36086 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 5164 hours (215 days + 4 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.
After command completion occurred, registers were:
ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
40 51 00 ff ff ff 0f Error: WP at LBA = 0x0fffffff = 268435455
Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- --------------------
61 00 10 ff ff ff 4f 00 00:02:15.945 WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
61 00 08 ff ff ff 4f 00 00:02:15.945 WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
61 00 08 ff ff ff 4f 00 00:02:15.945 WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
61 00 08 ff ff ff 4f 00 00:02:15.944 WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
61 00 08 ff ff ff 4f 00 00:02:15.944 WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
Error 36085 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 5164 hours (215 days + 4 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.
After command completion occurred, registers were:
ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
40 51 00 ff ff ff 0f Error: WP at LBA = 0x0fffffff = 268435455
Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- --------------------
61 00 38 ff ff ff 4f 00 00:02:02.115 WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
61 00 f0 ff ff ff 4f 00 00:02:02.114 WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
61 00 20 ff ff ff 4f 00 00:02:02.114 WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
61 00 08 ff ff ff 4f 00 00:02:02.114 WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
61 00 08 ff ff ff 4f 00 00:02:02.113 WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
Error 36084 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 5164 hours (215 days + 4 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.
After command completion occurred, registers were:
ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
40 51 00 ff ff ff 0f Error: WP at LBA = 0x0fffffff = 268435455
Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- --------------------
61 00 08 ff ff ff 4f 00 00:01:53.737 WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
60 00 08 ff ff ff 4f 00 00:01:53.736 READ FPDMA QUEUED
ea 00 00 00 00 00 a0 00 00:01:53.707 FLUSH CACHE EXT
61 00 38 ff ff ff 4f 00 00:01:53.688 WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
60 00 08 ff ff ff 4f 00 00:01:53.678 READ FPDMA QUEUED
Error 36083 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 5164 hours (215 days + 4 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.
After command completion occurred, registers were:
ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
40 51 00 ff ff ff 0f Error: WP at LBA = 0x0fffffff = 268435455
Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- --------------------
61 00 08 ff ff ff 4f 00 00:01:53.049 WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
61 00 10 ff ff ff 4f 00 00:01:53.049 WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
61 00 08 ff ff ff 4f 00 00:01:53.049 WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
61 00 08 ff ff ff 4f 00 00:01:53.049 WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
61 00 08 ff ff ff 4f 00 00:01:53.049 WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
Num Test_Description Status Remaining LifeTime(hours) LBA_of_first_error
# 1 Extended offline Completed: read failure 90% 5196 318795064
# 2 Short offline Completed without error 00% 5194 -
# 3 Extended offline Aborted by host 90% 5194 -
# 4 Short offline Completed without error 00% 5194 -
# 5 Extended offline Completed: read failure 90% 5164 808789760
# 6 Extended offline Completed: read failure 90% 5164 808789760
# 7 Extended offline Completed: read failure 90% 5158 1348112200
# 8 Extended offline Completed: read failure 90% 5158 1348112200
# 9 Short offline Completed: read failure 80% 5143 1348112200
#10 Extended offline Completed: read failure 90% 5139 344992248
#11 Short offline Completed: read failure 90% 5139 344992248
#12 Short offline Completed: read failure 90% 5139 344992248
SMART Selective self-test log data structure revision number 1
SPAN MIN_LBA MAX_LBA CURRENT_TEST_STATUS
1 0 0 Not_testing
2 0 0 Not_testing
3 0 0 Not_testing
4 0 0 Not_testing
5 0 0 Not_testing
Selective self-test flags (0x0):
After scanning selected spans, do NOT read-scan remainder of disk.
If Selective self-test is pending on power-up, resume after 0 minute delay.
答え1
SMART属性を解釈するには、その属性が100に正規化されており、値が低いほど悪くなることに注意してください。
生の読み出しエラー率も高く、探索エラー率も高く、さらにかなりの数のセクタが再配置された。他の属性は単にわずかな摩耗を示していますが、最初に述べた2つの属性は、ハードドライブがドライブ上のデータのビットストリームを正しく読み取ることができないことを意味します。誤ったアライメントを引き起こす機械的誤差、読取りまたは書込み回路の電子的誤差、表面のいくつかの欠陥、または他の理由が考えられる。
これが私のハードドライブであれば、すぐにバックアップを作成して廃棄します。ハードドライブは、再びデータを確実に保存しません。 「新しいもの」を購入した場合、返品して苦情を申し立てると、SMART値が新しいものではないことが明らかになります。