背景
私が新しいWD Red 3TBディスクでサーバーを構築したとき、おそらく深刻な判断エラーを犯し、古くて非常に古いSATA（ウィキペディア）ケーブル。私の質問は、本質的にハードウェアの背景とDebian 10 Linuxシステムで実行されているいくつかの履歴についてです。
私が言うケーブルは2本です。
5歳以上ですが、まだSATA III認証されたデータケーブル。 IMHO これは過度に曲がると問題が発生する可能性がありますが、乱用については認識できないので、シールドが長年にわたってより良くなったはずです（？）待つようです。
同じサーバーにいることに驚きました。SATAケーブルは15年以上経過している可能性があります。ただシリアルATA
mdadm以上を書いて、dmesgさまざまなディスクI / Oエラーメッセージの形でこのサーバーを構成した後、RAID 1アレイにはますます小さな問題が発生し、最終的にアレイのパフォーマンスが低下することを考慮してWonderingを書き込みます。これらのケーブルのいずれかまたは両方のケーブルがアレイを読み書きするときにエラーが発生する可能性があります。
ケーブルの交換
今日私がしたことはドイツ産（ステッカーに書かれている）2つを購入したのですが、おそらくより高品質、SATA III認定新しいケーブル、何が起こっているのかを確認してください。
テスト
サーバーを起動し、アレイをマウント解除して停止しました。
一晩、この2つの別々のディスク読み取りコマンドの実行を開始しました。
pv < /dev/sdX > /dev/nullまた、エラー
dmesgと速度の監視を開始しましたnmon。 1時間経っても、現在までエラーや速度低下はありません...
質問
dmesg私が目を覚まし、このドライブがエラーなしで完全に読んでいることを発見したと仮定すると、古いケーブルがエラーの原因であると仮定できますか、それとも私が考慮していないものがありますか？
ここに投稿するかスーパーユーザーに投稿するかを決定することはできません。他の場所がより適切な場合は、このようなコメントがたくさん実行されたら、朝に再び上げます。とにかくお時間をいただきありがとうございます。
smartctl
WD-WCC4N6EZXNSD
smartctl 6.6 2017-11-05 r4594 [x86_64-linux-4.19.0-9-amd64] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-17, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Model Family: Western Digital Red
Device Model: WDC WD30EFRX-68EUZN0
Serial Number: WD-WCC4N6EZXNSD
LU WWN Device Id: 5 0014ee 210a9a0ef
Firmware Version: 82.00A82
User Capacity: 3,000,592,982,016 bytes [3.00 TB]
Sector Sizes: 512 bytes logical, 4096 bytes physical
Rotation Rate: 5400 rpm
Device is: In smartctl database [for details use: -P show]
ATA Version is: ACS-2 (minor revision not indicated)
SATA Version is: SATA 3.0, 6.0 Gb/s (current: 6.0 Gb/s)
Local Time is: Sat Jun 20 08:47:05 2020 CEST
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled
=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED
General SMART Values:
Offline data collection status: (0x00) Offline data collection activity
was never started.
Auto Offline Data Collection: Disabled.
Self-test execution status: ( 0) The previous self-test routine completed
without error or no self-test has ever
been run.
Total time to complete Offline
data collection: (40380) seconds.
Offline data collection
capabilities: (0x7b) SMART execute Offline immediate.
Auto Offline data collection on/off support.
Suspend Offline collection upon new
command.
Offline surface scan supported.
Self-test supported.
Conveyance Self-test supported.
Selective Self-test supported.
SMART capabilities: (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering
power-saving mode.
Supports SMART auto save timer.
Error logging capability: (0x01) Error logging supported.
General Purpose Logging supported.
Short self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 2) minutes.
Extended self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 405) minutes.
Conveyance self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 5) minutes.
SCT capabilities: (0x703d) SCT Status supported.
SCT Error Recovery Control supported.
SCT Feature Control supported.
SCT Data Table supported.
SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 16
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME FLAG VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE UPDATED WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate 0x002f 200 200 051 Pre-fail Always - 0
3 Spin_Up_Time 0x0027 179 178 021 Pre-fail Always - 6050
4 Start_Stop_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 31
5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct 0x0033 200 200 140 Pre-fail Always - 0
7 Seek_Error_Rate 0x002e 100 253 000 Old_age Always - 0
9 Power_On_Hours 0x0032 097 097 000 Old_age Always - 2443
10 Spin_Retry_Count 0x0032 100 253 000 Old_age Always - 0
11 Calibration_Retry_Count 0x0032 100 253 000 Old_age Always - 0
12 Power_Cycle_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 31
192 Power-Off_Retract_Count 0x0032 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 3
193 Load_Cycle_Count 0x0032 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 2423
194 Temperature_Celsius 0x0022 116 109 000 Old_age Always - 34
196 Reallocated_Event_Count 0x0032 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0
197 Current_Pending_Sector 0x0032 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0
198 Offline_Uncorrectable 0x0030 100 253 000 Old_age Offline - 0
199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count 0x0032 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0
200 Multi_Zone_Error_Rate 0x0008 100 253 000 Old_age Offline - 0
SMART Error Log Version: 1
ATA Error Count: 2033 (device log contains only the most recent five errors)
CR = Command Register [HEX]
FR = Features Register [HEX]
SC = Sector Count Register [HEX]
SN = Sector Number Register [HEX]
CL = Cylinder Low Register [HEX]
CH = Cylinder High Register [HEX]
DH = Device/Head Register [HEX]
DC = Device Command Register [HEX]
ER = Error register [HEX]
ST = Status register [HEX]
Powered_Up_Time is measured from power on, and printed as
DDd+hh:mm:SS.sss where DD=days, hh=hours, mm=minutes,
SS=sec, and sss=millisec. It "wraps" after 49.710 days.
Error 2033 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 424 hours (17 days + 16 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.
After command completion occurred, registers were:
ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
04 61 02 00 00 00 a0 Device Fault; Error: ABRT
Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- --------------------
ef 10 02 00 00 00 a0 00 2d+13:04:28.795 SET FEATURES [Enable SATA feature]
ec 00 00 00 00 00 a0 00 2d+13:04:28.794 IDENTIFY DEVICE
ef 03 46 00 00 00 a0 00 2d+13:04:28.794 SET FEATURES [Set transfer mode]
ef 10 02 00 00 00 a0 00 2d+13:04:28.794 SET FEATURES [Enable SATA feature]
ec 00 00 00 00 00 a0 00 2d+13:04:28.793 IDENTIFY DEVICE
Error 2032 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 424 hours (17 days + 16 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.
After command completion occurred, registers were:
ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
04 61 46 00 00 00 a0 Device Fault; Error: ABRT
Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- --------------------
ef 03 46 00 00 00 a0 00 2d+13:04:28.794 SET FEATURES [Set transfer mode]
ef 10 02 00 00 00 a0 00 2d+13:04:28.794 SET FEATURES [Enable SATA feature]
ec 00 00 00 00 00 a0 00 2d+13:04:28.793 IDENTIFY DEVICE
c8 00 08 00 00 00 e0 00 2d+13:04:28.779 READ DMA
ef 10 02 00 00 00 a0 00 2d+13:04:28.779 SET FEATURES [Enable SATA feature]
Error 2031 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 424 hours (17 days + 16 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.
After command completion occurred, registers were:
ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
04 61 02 00 00 00 a0 Device Fault; Error: ABRT
Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- --------------------
ef 10 02 00 00 00 a0 00 2d+13:04:28.794 SET FEATURES [Enable SATA feature]
ec 00 00 00 00 00 a0 00 2d+13:04:28.793 IDENTIFY DEVICE
c8 00 08 00 00 00 e0 00 2d+13:04:28.779 READ DMA
ef 10 02 00 00 00 a0 00 2d+13:04:28.779 SET FEATURES [Enable SATA feature]
ec 00 00 00 00 00 a0 00 2d+13:04:28.778 IDENTIFY DEVICE
Error 2030 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 424 hours (17 days + 16 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.
After command completion occurred, registers were:
ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
04 61 08 00 00 00 e0 Device Fault; Error: ABRT 8 sectors at LBA = 0x00000000 = 0
Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- --------------------
c8 00 08 00 00 00 e0 00 2d+13:04:28.779 READ DMA
ef 10 02 00 00 00 a0 00 2d+13:04:28.779 SET FEATURES [Enable SATA feature]
ec 00 00 00 00 00 a0 00 2d+13:04:28.778 IDENTIFY DEVICE
ef 03 46 00 00 00 a0 00 2d+13:04:28.778 SET FEATURES [Set transfer mode]
ef 10 02 00 00 00 a0 00 2d+13:04:28.778 SET FEATURES [Enable SATA feature]
Error 2029 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 424 hours (17 days + 16 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.
After command completion occurred, registers were:
ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
04 61 02 00 00 00 a0 Device Fault; Error: ABRT
Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- --------------------
ef 10 02 00 00 00 a0 00 2d+13:04:28.779 SET FEATURES [Enable SATA feature]
ec 00 00 00 00 00 a0 00 2d+13:04:28.778 IDENTIFY DEVICE
ef 03 46 00 00 00 a0 00 2d+13:04:28.778 SET FEATURES [Set transfer mode]
ef 10 02 00 00 00 a0 00 2d+13:04:28.778 SET FEATURES [Enable SATA feature]
ec 00 00 00 00 00 a0 00 2d+13:04:28.777 IDENTIFY DEVICE
SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
No self-tests have been logged. [To run self-tests, use: smartctl -t]
SMART Selective self-test log data structure revision number 1
SPAN MIN_LBA MAX_LBA CURRENT_TEST_STATUS
1 0 0 Not_testing
2 0 0 Not_testing
3 0 0 Not_testing
4 0 0 Not_testing
5 0 0 Not_testing
Selective self-test flags (0x0):
After scanning selected spans, do NOT read-scan remainder of disk.
If Selective self-test is pending on power-up, resume after 0 minute delay.
WD-WCC4N5EKLTNX
smartctl 6.6 2017-11-05 r4594 [x86_64-linux-4.19.0-9-amd64] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-17, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Model Family: Western Digital Red
Device Model: WDC WD30EFRX-68EUZN0
Serial Number: WD-WCC4N5EKLTNX
LU WWN Device Id: 5 0014ee 2bb548051
Firmware Version: 82.00A82
User Capacity: 3,000,592,982,016 bytes [3.00 TB]
Sector Sizes: 512 bytes logical, 4096 bytes physical
Rotation Rate: 5400 rpm
Device is: In smartctl database [for details use: -P show]
ATA Version is: ACS-2 (minor revision not indicated)
SATA Version is: SATA 3.0, 6.0 Gb/s (current: 6.0 Gb/s)
Local Time is: Sat Jun 20 08:50:48 2020 CEST
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled
=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED
General SMART Values:
Offline data collection status: (0x00) Offline data collection activity
was never started.
Auto Offline Data Collection: Disabled.
Self-test execution status: ( 0) The previous self-test routine completed
without error or no self-test has ever
been run.
Total time to complete Offline
data collection: (39540) seconds.
Offline data collection
capabilities: (0x7b) SMART execute Offline immediate.
Auto Offline data collection on/off support.
Suspend Offline collection upon new
command.
Offline surface scan supported.
Self-test supported.
Conveyance Self-test supported.
Selective Self-test supported.
SMART capabilities: (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering
power-saving mode.
Supports SMART auto save timer.
Error logging capability: (0x01) Error logging supported.
General Purpose Logging supported.
Short self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 2) minutes.
Extended self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 397) minutes.
Conveyance self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 5) minutes.
SCT capabilities: (0x703d) SCT Status supported.
SCT Error Recovery Control supported.
SCT Feature Control supported.
SCT Data Table supported.
SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 16
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME FLAG VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE UPDATED WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate 0x002f 200 200 051 Pre-fail Always - 0
3 Spin_Up_Time 0x0027 180 179 021 Pre-fail Always - 5975
4 Start_Stop_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 32
5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct 0x0033 200 200 140 Pre-fail Always - 0
7 Seek_Error_Rate 0x002e 100 253 000 Old_age Always - 0
9 Power_On_Hours 0x0032 097 097 000 Old_age Always - 2443
10 Spin_Retry_Count 0x0032 100 253 000 Old_age Always - 0
11 Calibration_Retry_Count 0x0032 100 253 000 Old_age Always - 0
12 Power_Cycle_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 31
192 Power-Off_Retract_Count 0x0032 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 4
193 Load_Cycle_Count 0x0032 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 2443
194 Temperature_Celsius 0x0022 115 107 000 Old_age Always - 35
196 Reallocated_Event_Count 0x0032 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0
197 Current_Pending_Sector 0x0032 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0
198 Offline_Uncorrectable 0x0030 100 253 000 Old_age Offline - 0
199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count 0x0032 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0
200 Multi_Zone_Error_Rate 0x0008 100 253 000 Old_age Offline - 0
SMART Error Log Version: 1
ATA Error Count: 45 (device log contains only the most recent five errors)
CR = Command Register [HEX]
FR = Features Register [HEX]
SC = Sector Count Register [HEX]
SN = Sector Number Register [HEX]
CL = Cylinder Low Register [HEX]
CH = Cylinder High Register [HEX]
DH = Device/Head Register [HEX]
DC = Device Command Register [HEX]
ER = Error register [HEX]
ST = Status register [HEX]
Powered_Up_Time is measured from power on, and printed as
DDd+hh:mm:SS.sss where DD=days, hh=hours, mm=minutes,
SS=sec, and sss=millisec. It "wraps" after 49.710 days.
Error 45 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 2416 hours (100 days + 16 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.
After command completion occurred, registers were:
ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
04 61 02 00 00 00 a0 Device Fault; Error: ABRT
Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- --------------------
ef 10 02 00 00 00 a0 08 04:26:20.066 SET FEATURES [Enable SATA feature]
ec 00 00 00 00 00 a0 08 04:26:20.066 IDENTIFY DEVICE
ef 03 46 00 00 00 a0 08 04:26:20.066 SET FEATURES [Set transfer mode]
ef 10 02 00 00 00 a0 08 04:26:20.065 SET FEATURES [Enable SATA feature]
ec 00 00 00 00 00 a0 08 04:26:20.065 IDENTIFY DEVICE
Error 44 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 2416 hours (100 days + 16 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.
After command completion occurred, registers were:
ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
04 61 46 00 00 00 a0 Device Fault; Error: ABRT
Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- --------------------
ef 03 46 00 00 00 a0 08 04:26:20.066 SET FEATURES [Set transfer mode]
ef 10 02 00 00 00 a0 08 04:26:20.065 SET FEATURES [Enable SATA feature]
ec 00 00 00 00 00 a0 08 04:26:20.065 IDENTIFY DEVICE
ef 10 02 00 00 00 a0 08 04:26:20.046 SET FEATURES [Enable SATA feature]
Error 43 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 2416 hours (100 days + 16 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.
After command completion occurred, registers were:
ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
04 61 02 00 00 00 a0 Device Fault; Error: ABRT
Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- --------------------
ef 10 02 00 00 00 a0 08 04:26:20.065 SET FEATURES [Enable SATA feature]
ec 00 00 00 00 00 a0 08 04:26:20.065 IDENTIFY DEVICE
ef 10 02 00 00 00 a0 08 04:26:20.046 SET FEATURES [Enable SATA feature]
ec 00 00 00 00 00 a0 08 04:26:20.046 IDENTIFY DEVICE
Error 42 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 2416 hours (100 days + 16 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.
After command completion occurred, registers were:
ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
04 61 02 00 00 00 a0 Device Fault; Error: ABRT
Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- --------------------
ef 10 02 00 00 00 a0 08 04:26:20.046 SET FEATURES [Enable SATA feature]
ec 00 00 00 00 00 a0 08 04:26:20.046 IDENTIFY DEVICE
ef 03 46 00 00 00 a0 08 04:26:20.046 SET FEATURES [Set transfer mode]
ef 10 02 00 00 00 a0 08 04:26:20.045 SET FEATURES [Enable SATA feature]
ec 00 00 00 00 00 a0 08 04:26:20.045 IDENTIFY DEVICE
Error 41 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 2416 hours (100 days + 16 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.
After command completion occurred, registers were:
ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
04 61 46 00 00 00 a0 Device Fault; Error: ABRT
Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- --------------------
ef 03 46 00 00 00 a0 08 04:26:20.046 SET FEATURES [Set transfer mode]
ef 10 02 00 00 00 a0 08 04:26:20.045 SET FEATURES [Enable SATA feature]
ec 00 00 00 00 00 a0 08 04:26:20.045 IDENTIFY DEVICE
ef 10 02 00 00 00 a0 08 04:26:20.030 SET FEATURES [Enable SATA feature]
SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
No self-tests have been logged. [To run self-tests, use: smartctl -t]
SMART Selective self-test log data structure revision number 1
SPAN MIN_LBA MAX_LBA CURRENT_TEST_STATUS
1 0 0 Not_testing
2 0 0 Not_testing
3 0 0 Not_testing
4 0 0 Not_testing
5 0 0 Not_testing
Selective self-test flags (0x0):
After scanning selected spans, do NOT read-scan remainder of disk.
If Selective self-test is pending on power-up, resume after 0 minute delay.
保証
どちらのドライブも保証が適用されるため、故障が証明されたら交換できます。
答え1
SATAケーブル交換後（特にSATA v1ケーブル）
それでは、2本のSATAケーブルを交換した後、正確に何が起こりましたか？
まず、私の質問で述べたように、エラーなしで両方のドライブを読みました！
第二に、これらのエラーが書き込み関連である可能性があることを知って、書き込みテストを実行しました！
下の画像はより大きな解像度を持っています。拡大するにはクリックしてください。
もはや見られるエラーがないことを直接確認することができ、dmesgこれは私を喜ばせ、私の理論を証明します。サーバーを構築するとき、そのケーブルがどれくらい古いかわからなかったので、悲しかったです。とにかく問題は一時的に解決されました。
答え2
私が考えることができる唯一のことは、smartctlを使用してハードドライブに問題があるかどうかを確認することです。ランニング：
smartctl -a -x /dev/sdX
最後のXを適切な文字に置き換えて回復できないセクタがあるかどうか、または不良セクタが積み重ねられているかどうか慎重に見てください。
特にSMARTレポートによると、ハードドライブに問題があるように見えず、ケーブルを交換した後に改善された点が見えたら、ケーブルに問題があると言うのが妥当だと思います。
答え3
関連するSATAバージョンは2002年（1.5G）、2005年（3.0G）、2008年（6.0G）にリリースされました。したがって、あなたのケーブルは1.5または3.0時代のものです。理論的には、古いケーブルはより新しく高速なデバイスで動作するはずですが、この組み合わせの問題はよく知られています。
現在のSATAリンク速度は次のように確認できます。
smartctl -a /dev/sda | grep SATA
カーネルパラメータを使用して、カーネルにリンクをより低い速度で設定させることができますlibata.force=1.5。古いケーブルとカーネルパラメータの問題が消えた場合、ケーブルに問題があると確信してください。