私はしばらく（2〜3年）lenovo x1 Extreme gen 1（現在Ubuntu 20.04ベースの最新バージョンを使用しています）でポップOSを使用してきましたが、最近次のようなハードウェアの問題（ノートブック）が発生しました。 SSDは、新しくインストールした後も持続するext4-fsおよびsystemd-journaldエラーが原因でランダムにクラッシュします。以下にいくつかのスクリーンショットを添付しましたが、以下のログディレクトリにあるエラーログもすべて入れます。
診断：
fdisk、fsck：
pop-os@pop-os:~$ sudo fdisk -l
Disk /dev/loop0: 2.24 GiB, 2400944128 bytes, 4689344 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/nvme0n1: 953.89 GiB, 1024209543168 bytes, 2000409264 sectors
Disk model: SAMSUNG MZVLB1T0HALR-000L7
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: 5FCEDA12-D1BA-4EEF-B174-C7F4C4F7ACFC
Device Start End Sectors Size Type
/dev/nvme0n1p1 4096 1023998 1019903 498M EFI System
/dev/nvme0n1p2 1024000 9412606 8388607 4G Microsoft basic data
/dev/nvme0n1p3 9412608 1992016558 1982603951 945.4G Linux filesystem
/dev/nvme0n1p4 1992016560 2000405166 8388607 4G Linux swap
（注：Microsoftの基本データはWindowsの残りの回復パーティションです）
sudo fsck -CvMf /dev/nvme0n1p3
fsck from util-linux 2.34
e2fsck 1.45.5 (07-Jan-2020)
Pass 1: Checking inodes, blocks, and sizes
Pass 2: Checking directory structure
Pass 3: Checking directory connectivity
Pass 4: Checking reference counts
Pass 5: Checking group summary information
366095 inodes used (0.59%, out of 61964288)
2849 non-contiguous files (0.8%)
412 non-contiguous directories (0.1%)
# of inodes with ind/dind/tind blocks: 0/0/0
Extent depth histogram: 326954/107
11214214 blocks used (4.53%, out of 247825493)
0 bad blocks
2 large files
287132 regular files
36849 directories
7 character device files
0 block device files
0 fifos
91242 links
42092 symbolic links (39013 fast symbolic links)
6 sockets
------------
457328 files
スマートテスト：
=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Model Number: SAMSUNG MZVLB1T0HALR-000L7
Firmware Version: 5L2QEXA7
PCI Vendor/Subsystem ID: 0x144d
IEEE OUI Identifier: 0x002538
Total NVM Capacity: 1,024,209,543,168 [1.02 TB]
Unallocated NVM Capacity: 0
Controller ID: 4
Number of Namespaces: 1
Namespace 1 Size/Capacity: 1,024,209,543,168 [1.02 TB]
Namespace 1 Utilization: 47,027,638,272 [47.0 GB]
Namespace 1 Formatted LBA Size: 512
Namespace 1 IEEE EUI-64: 002538 8881b2cb9e
Local Time is: Mon Aug 3 16:34:10 2020 UTC
Firmware Updates (0x16): 3 Slots, no Reset required
Optional Admin Commands (0x0017): Security Format Frmw_DL Self_Test
Optional NVM Commands (0x001f): Comp Wr_Unc DS_Mngmt Wr_Zero Sav/Sel_Feat
Maximum Data Transfer Size: 512 Pages
Warning Comp. Temp. Threshold: 81 Celsius
Critical Comp. Temp. Threshold: 82 Celsius
Supported Power States
St Op Max Active Idle RL RT WL WT Ent_Lat Ex_Lat
0 + 7.02W - - 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 + 6.30W - - 1 1 1 1 0 0
2 + 3.50W - - 2 2 2 2 0 0
3 - 0.0760W - - 3 3 3 3 210 1200
4 - 0.0050W - - 4 4 4 4 2000 8000
Supported LBA Sizes (NSID 0x1)
Id Fmt Data Metadt Rel_Perf
0 + 512 0 0
=== START OF SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED
SMART/Health Information (NVMe Log 0x02)
Critical Warning: 0x00
Temperature: 39 Celsius
Available Spare: 100%
Available Spare Threshold: 10%
Percentage Used: 1%
Data Units Read: 22,730,197 [11.6 TB]
Data Units Written: 39,001,161 [19.9 TB]
Host Read Commands: 280,072,901
Host Write Commands: 496,008,535
Controller Busy Time: 1,454
Power Cycles: 2,705
Power On Hours: 1,567
Unsafe Shutdowns: 226
Media and Data Integrity Errors: 0
Error Information Log Entries: 2,071
Warning Comp. Temperature Time: 0
Critical Comp. Temperature Time: 0
Temperature Sensor 1: 39 Celsius
Temperature Sensor 2: 41 Celsius
Error Information (NVMe Log 0x01, max 64 entries)
No Errors Logged
より詳細な情報を得るために、ログ内のキーワードを見ました。ログでnvme、ext4-fsを確認しました。ちなみに以下の項目があります。
/var/log/kern.log:Aug 3 19:01:43 pop-os kernel: [ 237.251085] blk_update_request: I/O error, dev nvme0n1, sector 1209397344 op 0x0:(READ) flags 0x80700 phys_seg 2 prio class 0
...
/var/log/kern.log:Aug 3 22:39:08 pop-os kernel: [ 2.115859] nvme0n1: p1 p2 p3 p4
/var/log/kern.log:Aug 3 22:39:08 pop-os kernel: [ 3.868483] EXT4-fs (nvme0n1p3): INFO: recovery required on readonly filesystem
/var/log/kern.log:Aug 3 22:39:08 pop-os kernel: [ 3.868483] EXT4-fs (nvme0n1p3): write access will be enabled during recovery
/var/log/kern.log:Aug 3 22:39:08 pop-os kernel: [ 3.894018] EXT4-fs (nvme0n1p3): orphan cleanup on readonly fs
/var/log/kern.log:Aug 3 22:39:08 pop-os kernel: [ 3.904196] EXT4-fs (nvme0n1p3): 227 orphan inodes deleted
/var/log/kern.log:Aug 3 22:39:08 pop-os kernel: [ 3.904197] EXT4-fs (nvme0n1p3): recovery complete
/var/log/kern.log:Aug 3 22:39:08 pop-os kernel: [ 3.916157] EXT4-fs (nvme0n1p3): mounted filesystem with ordered data mode. Opts: (null)
/var/log/kern.log:Aug 3 22:39:08 pop-os kernel: [ 4.235950] EXT4-fs (nvme0n1p3): re-mounted. Opts: errors=remount-ro
/var/log/kern.log:Aug 3 22:39:08 pop-os kernel: [ 5.580150] FAT-fs (nvme0n1p2): Volume was not properly unmounted. Some data may be corrupt. Please run fsck.
/var/log/kern.log:Aug 3 22:39:08 pop-os kernel: [ 5.580956] FAT-fs (nvme0n1p1): Volume was not properly unmounted. Some data may be corrupt. Please run fsck.
/var/log/kern.log:Aug 3 22:39:48 pop-os kernel: [ 47.658007] blk_update_request: I/O error, dev nvme0n1, sector 1209399024 op 0x0:(READ) flags 0x80700 phys_seg 1 prio class 0
/var/log/kern.log:Aug 5 07:16:47 pop-os kernel: [ 2.018779] nvme0n1: p1 p2 p3 p4
/var/log/kern.log:Aug 5 07:16:47 pop-os kernel: [ 3.839434] EXT4-fs (nvme0n1p3): mounted filesystem with ordered data mode. Opts: (null)
/var/log/kern.log:Aug 5 07:16:47 pop-os kernel: [ 4.149146] EXT4-fs (nvme0n1p3): re-mounted. Opts: errors=remount-ro
/var/log/kern.log:Aug 5 07:16:47 pop-os kernel: [ 5.006306] FAT-fs (nvme0n1p2): Volume was not properly unmounted. Some data may be corrupt. Please run fsck.
/var/log/kern.log:Aug 5 07:16:47 pop-os kernel: [ 5.006685] FAT-fs (nvme0n1p1): Volume was not properly unmounted. Some data may be corrupt. Please run fsck.
/var/log/kern.log:Aug 9 15:03:31 pop-os kernel: [ 2.105116] nvme0n1: p1 p2 p3 p4
/var/log/kern.log:Aug 9 15:03:31 pop-os kernel: [ 3.892947] EXT4-fs (nvme0n1p3): mounted filesystem with ordered data mode. Opts: (null)
/var/log/kern.log:Aug 9 15:03:31 pop-os kernel: [ 4.183333] EXT4-fs (nvme0n1p3): re-mounted. Opts: errors=remount-ro
/var/log/kern.log:Aug 9 15:03:31 pop-os kernel: [ 4.682363] FAT-fs (nvme0n1p1): Volume was not properly unmounted. Some data may be corrupt. Please run fsck.
/var/log/kern.log:Aug 9 15:03:31 pop-os kernel: [ 4.683046] FAT-fs (nvme0n1p2): Volume was not properly unmounted. Some data may be corrupt. Please run fsck.
/var/log/kern.log:Aug 10 13:35:55 pop-os kernel: [ 2.111633] nvme0n1: p1 p2 p3 p4
/var/log/kern.log:Aug 10 13:35:55 pop-os kernel: [ 3.817532] EXT4-fs (nvme0n1p3): INFO: recovery required on readonly filesystem
/var/log/kern.log:Aug 10 13:35:55 pop-os kernel: [ 3.817532] EXT4-fs (nvme0n1p3): write access will be enabled during recovery
/var/log/kern.log:Aug 10 13:35:55 pop-os kernel: [ 3.827850] EXT4-fs (nvme0n1p3): recovery complete
/var/log/kern.log:Aug 10 13:35:55 pop-os kernel: [ 3.832040] EXT4-fs (nvme0n1p3): mounted filesystem with ordered data mode. Opts: (null)
/var/log/kern.log:Aug 10 13:35:55 pop-os kernel: [ 4.169487] EXT4-fs (nvme0n1p3): re-mounted. Opts: errors=remount-ro
/var/log/kern.log:Aug 10 13:35:55 pop-os kernel: [ 5.442449] FAT-fs (nvme0n1p1): Volume was not properly unmounted. Some data may be corrupt. Please run fsck.
/var/log/kern.log:Aug 10 13:35:55 pop-os kernel: [ 5.444632] FAT-fs (nvme0n1p2): Volume was not properly unmounted. Some data may be corrupt. Please run fsck.
/var/log/kern.log:Aug 11 00:03:10 pop-os kernel: [ 2.078927] nvme0n1: p1 p2 p3 p4
/var/log/kern.log:Aug 11 00:03:10 pop-os kernel: [ 3.845395] EXT4-fs (nvme0n1p3): INFO: recovery required on readonly filesystem
/var/log/kern.log:Aug 11 00:03:10 pop-os kernel: [ 3.845396] EXT4-fs (nvme0n1p3): write access will be enabled during recovery
/var/log/kern.log:Aug 11 00:03:10 pop-os kernel: [ 4.026435] EXT4-fs (nvme0n1p3): orphan cleanup on readonly fs
/var/log/kern.log:Aug 11 00:03:10 pop-os kernel: [ 4.026557] EXT4-fs (nvme0n1p3): 16 orphan inodes deleted
/var/log/kern.log:Aug 11 00:03:10 pop-os kernel: [ 4.026557] EXT4-fs (nvme0n1p3): recovery complete
/var/log/kern.log:Aug 11 00:03:10 pop-os kernel: [ 4.037091] EXT4-fs (nvme0n1p3): mounted filesystem with ordered data mode. Opts: (null)
/var/log/kern.log:Aug 11 00:03:10 pop-os kernel: [ 4.352561] EXT4-fs (nvme0n1p3): re-mounted. Opts: errors=remount-ro
/var/log/kern.log:Aug 11 00:03:10 pop-os kernel: [ 5.140268] FAT-fs (nvme0n1p2): Volume was not properly unmounted. Some data may be corrupt. Please run fsck.
/var/log/kern.log:Aug 11 00:03:10 pop-os kernel: [ 5.176295] FAT-fs (nvme0n1p1): Volume was not properly unmounted. Some data may be corrupt. Please run fsck.
/var/log/kern.log:Aug 11 10:12:22 pop-os kernel: [ 2.063656] nvme0n1: p1 p2 p3 p4
/var/log/kern.log:Aug 11 10:12:22 pop-os kernel: [ 3.861041] EXT4-fs (nvme0n1p3): INFO: recovery required on readonly filesystem
/var/log/kern.log:Aug 11 10:12:22 pop-os kernel: [ 3.861041] EXT4-fs (nvme0n1p3): write access will be enabled during recovery
/var/log/kern.log:Aug 11 10:12:22 pop-os kernel: [ 3.876059] EXT4-fs (nvme0n1p3): recovery complete
/var/log/kern.log:Aug 11 10:12:22 pop-os kernel: [ 3.880170] EXT4-fs (nvme0n1p3): mounted filesystem with ordered data mode. Opts: (null)
/var/log/kern.log:Aug 11 10:12:22 pop-os kernel: [ 4.200170] EXT4-fs (nvme0n1p3): re-mounted. Opts: errors=remount-ro
/var/log/kern.log:Aug 11 10:12:22 pop-os kernel: [ 5.109084] FAT-fs (nvme0n1p1): Volume was not properly unmounted. Some data may be corrupt. Please run fsck.
/var/log/kern.log:Aug 11 10:12:22 pop-os kernel: [ 5.131469] FAT-fs (nvme0n1p2): Volume was not properly unmounted. Some data may be corrupt. Please run fsck.
grep: /var/log/private: Is a directory
grep: /var/log/speech-dispatcher: Is a directory
/var/log/syslog:Aug 3 18:58:00 pop-os kernel: [ 2.092722] nvme0n1: p1 p2 p3 p4
/var/log/syslog:Aug 3 18:58:00 pop-os kernel: [ 3.780347] EXT4-fs (nvme0n1p3): mounted filesystem with ordered data mode. Opts: (null)
/var/log/syslog:Aug 3 18:58:00 pop-os kernel: [ 4.089493] EXT4-fs (nvme0n1p3): re-mounted. Opts: errors=remount-ro
Binary file /var/log/syslog matches
dmesgでも温度関連のエラーがたくさん表示されます。たとえこれがどれほど深刻なのかはわかりませんが（しきい値が81Cという点を考慮すると少し心配ではありますが）
[ 3.417048] kernel: mce: CPU3: Core temperature above threshold, cpu clock throttled (total events = 1)
[ 3.417049] kernel: mce: CPU9: Core temperature above threshold, cpu clock throttled (total events = 1)
[ 3.417050] kernel: mce: CPU3: Package temperature above threshold, cpu clock throttled (total events = 1)
[ 3.417050] kernel: mce: CPU9: Package temperature above threshold, cpu clock throttled (total events = 1)
[ 3.417091] kernel: mce: CPU6: Package temperature above threshold, cpu clock throttled (total events = 1)
[ 3.417093] kernel: mce: CPU7: Package temperature above threshold, cpu clock throttled (total events = 1)
[ 3.417094] kernel: mce: CPU1: Package temperature above threshold, cpu clock throttled (total events = 1)
[ 3.417095] kernel: mce: CPU0: Package temperature above threshold, cpu clock throttled (total events = 1)
[ 3.417096] kernel: mce: CPU4: Package temperature above threshold, cpu clock throttled (total events = 1)
[ 3.417097] kernel: mce: CPU2: Package temperature above threshold, cpu clock throttled (total events = 1)
[ 3.417098] kernel: mce: CPU5: Package temperature above threshold, cpu clock throttled (total events = 1)
[ 3.417099] kernel: mce: CPU10: Package temperature above threshold, cpu clock throttled (total events = 1)
[ 3.417100] kernel: mce: CPU8: Package temperature above threshold, cpu clock throttled (total events = 1)
[ 3.417101] kernel: mce: CPU11: Package temperature above threshold, cpu clock throttled (total events = 1)
最後に、poposをインストールしたとき（この問題のために先月に何度も実行しました）、おそらく2回の試みのうちの1回は、抽出段階でインストーラが失敗する可能性があります。ライブUSBやインストール設定を変更せずに数回やり直すと機能し、ランダムな読み取り/書き込みエラーのように見えます。インストールログにも入出力エラーが表示されるようです。注目すべき項目は次のとおりです。
Jul 31 21:30:16 pop-os kernel: [ 163.161995] nvme nvme0: controller is down; will reset: CSTS=0xffffffff, PCI_STATUS=0xffff
Jul 31 21:30:16 pop-os kernel: [ 163.254016] nvme 0000:71:00.0: Refused to change power state, currently in D3
Jul 31 21:30:16 pop-os kernel: [ 163.254502] nvme nvme0: Removing after probe failure status: -19
Jul 31 21:30:16 pop-os kernel: [ 163.346070] blk_update_request: I/O error, dev nvme0n1, sector 38805760 op 0x9:(WRITE_ZEROES) flags 0x800 phys_seg 0 prio class 0
Jul 31 21:30:16 pop-os kernel: [ 163.347594] EXT4-fs warning (device nvme0n1p3): ext4_end_bio:309: I/O error 10 writing to inode 33423367 (offset 9043968 size 2306048 starting block 1219744)
Jul 31 21:30:16 pop-os kernel: [ 163.347601] Buffer I/O error on device nvme0n1p3, logical block 43168
Jul 31 21:30:16 pop-os kernel: [ 163.347610] Buffer I/O error on device nvme0n1p3, logical block 43169
追加情報：
また、ノートブックに付属しているいくつかのメモリ診断テストを実行しましたが、そのエラーは返されませんでした（誰かが要求しない限りここに公開しません）。
Linuxを再インストールするたびに、しばらくすると問題が再び発生します（ディスクをできるだけ空にしようとすると時間がかかりそうですが）。また、インストール時に「リフレッシュ」オプションが役に立たないようで、Linuxを完全に再インストールする必要がありました。
修理の試み：
この問題は通常、Linuxの新規インストール時に数日後に再び発生し、ハードドライブにどれだけのコンテンツを入れたかに関連しているようです。意図的に最小限に抑えようとすると、競合が発生するまでに時間がかかるようです。最後の競合は、Pythonを介して少し集中（数100 MB）の読み取りおよび書き込み操作を実行したときに発生しました。
Arch-linux Wikiにヒントがあります（https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Solid_state_drive/NVMe）すなわち
Linux 4.10のSamsungドライバエラー
Linux 4.10では、ドライブエラーが発生し、システムが不安定になる可能性があります。これは、ドライブが利用できない省電力状態のために発生したようです。休止状態を無効にして書き込みエラーを防ぐには、カーネルパラメータnvme_core.default_ps_max_latency_us = 5500 [4] [5]を追加してください。
私のものもサムスン（詳細は以下を参照）なので、提案どおりに行ったが役に立たなかったようです。
SSDアップデートはありませんが、主にBIOSを介してすべてのファームウェアをアップデートしました。これは他のいくつかの問題を解決しましたが、この特定の問題は解決されませんでした。
私はハードウェアの知識がほとんどなく、私がまったく知らない任意のカーネルパラメータを入力したくないので、どのように進むべきかわかりません。
必要に応じてログ全体を更新できます。
答え1
NVMeハードウェアデバイスに問題があるようです。回復USBイメージから起動し、NVMeデバイスで実行してみることができますbadblocks。または、デバイスを消去またはテストできるSamsung診断ツールがある場合は実行できますか？