Bash：固定数のプロセスを待ちます。

☰ · N

for RUN in $(seq 1 $RUNS) 
do 
    foo & 
done

#!/bin/bash
num_procs=$1
num_iters=$2
num_jobs="\j"  # The prompt escape for number of jobs currently running
for ((i=0; i<num_iters; i++)); do
  while (( ${num_jobs@P} >= num_procs )); do
    wait -n
  done
  foo &
done

#!/bin/bash
# start a wrapper shell for the group of jobs
cat<<EOS | bash &
num_procs="$1"
num_iters="$2"
for ((i=0; i<num_iters; i++)); do
  # escape what's not supposed to be expanded
  # at the time of here-doc redirection
  while (( \${num_jobs@P} >= num_procs )); do  
    wait -n
  done
  foo &
done
EOS
# now you can do other things

for RUN in $(seq 1 $RUNS); do
    foo &

    if (( (RUN % 10) == 0 )); then
        wait
    fi
done

for (( r = 1; r <= RUNS; ++i )); do
    foo &

    if (( (r % 10) == 0 )); then
        wait
    fi
done

for (( i = 0; i < n; ++i )); do
    printf 'starting batch %d...\n' "$i"
    for (( j = 0; j < 10; ++j )); do
        foo &
    done

    echo 'waiting...'
    wait
done

seq 1 "$RUNS" | xargs -n 1 -P 10 foo

seq 1 "$RUNS" | xargs -n 1 -P 10 sh -c 'foo'

seq 1 $RUNS | parallel -j 10 -N0 foo

seq 1 $RUNS | parallel -N0 foo

(wget -O - pi.dk/3 || curl pi.dk/3/ || fetch -o - http://pi.dk/3) | bash

Bash：固定数のプロセスを待ちます。

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