質問：500GBのハードドライブがありますが、Linuxでは現在7.9GBしかないと思います。特に、Linuxは以前のCHS制限であった16514064セクタだと思うので、ドライブがLBAをサポートしていないとどこかで決定したとします。ドライブがなぜうまくいったのかはわかりませんが、もう1つあります。 500GBドライブは、稼働中の同じシステムの同じモデルです。
lsblk:
$ lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 465.8G 0 disk
└─md127 9:127 0 465.6G 0 raid1
├─hddraid 253:10 0 465.6G 0 crypt
└─md127p1 259:5 0 265.9G 0 part
sdb 8:16 0 7.9G 0 disk
...other drives
sudo dmesg | grep 'sd[ab]':
$ sudo dmesg | grep 'sd[ab]'
[ 25.677445] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] 976773168 512-byte logical blocks: (500 GB/466 GiB)
[ 25.677459] sd 1:0:0:0: [sdb] Drive-managed SMR disk
[ 25.677461] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Write Protect is off
[ 25.677464] sd 1:0:0:0: [sdb] 16514064 512-byte logical blocks: (8.46 GB/7.87 GiB)
[ 25.677465] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Mode Sense: 00 3a 00 00
[ 25.677479] sd 1:0:0:0: [sdb] Write Protect is off
[ 25.677481] sd 1:0:0:0: [sdb] Mode Sense: 00 3a 00 00
[ 25.677485] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Write cache: enabled, read cache: enabled, doesn't support DPO or FUA
[ 25.677503] sd 1:0:0:0: [sdb] Write cache: enabled, read cache: enabled, doesn't support DPO or FUA
[ 25.810898] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Attached SCSI disk
[ 27.303158] sd 1:0:0:0: [sdb] Attached SCSI disk
[ 27.340355] md: sdb does not have a valid v1.2 superblock, not importing!
sudo hdparm -N /dev/sda /dev/sdb:
$ sudo hdparm -N /dev/sda /dev/sdb
/dev/sda:
max sectors = 976773168/976773168, HPA is disabled
/dev/sdb:
SG_IO: bad/missing sense data, sb[]: 70 00 05 00 00 00 00 0a 04 51 40 01 21 04 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
max sectors = 1610577834/1(1?), HPA setting seems invalid (buggy kernel device driver?)
sudo hdparm -I /dev/sda /dev/sdb:
$ sudo hdparm -I /dev/sda /dev/sdb
/dev/sda:
ATA device, with non-removable media
Model Number: TOSHIBA MQ01ABF050
Serial Number: 53VACGYLT
Firmware Revision: AM003M
Transport: Serial, ATA8-AST, SATA 1.0a, SATA II Extensions, SATA Rev 2.5, SATA Rev 2.6
Standards:
Supported: 8 7 6 5
Likely used: 8
Configuration:
Logical max current
cylinders 16383 16383
heads 16 16
sectors/track 63 63
--
CHS current addressable sectors: 16514064
LBA user addressable sectors: 268435455
LBA48 user addressable sectors: 976773168
Logical Sector size: 512 bytes
Physical Sector size: 512 bytes
device size with M = 1024*1024: 476940 MBytes
device size with M = 1000*1000: 500107 MBytes (500 GB)
cache/buffer size = 8192 KBytes
Form Factor: 2.5 inch
Nominal Media Rotation Rate: 5400
Capabilities:
LBA, IORDY(can be disabled)
Queue depth: 32
Standby timer values: spec'd by Standard, no device specific minimum
R/W multiple sector transfer: Max = 16 Current = 16
Advanced power management level: 127
DMA: sdma0 sdma1 sdma2 mdma0 mdma1 mdma2 udma0 udma1 udma2 udma3 udma4 *udma5
Cycle time: min=120ns recommended=120ns
PIO: pio0 pio1 pio2 pio3 pio4
Cycle time: no flow control=120ns IORDY flow control=120ns
Commands/features:
Enabled Supported:
* SMART feature set
Security Mode feature set
* Power Management feature set
* Write cache
* Look-ahead
* Host Protected Area feature set
* WRITE_BUFFER command
* READ_BUFFER command
* NOP cmd
* DOWNLOAD_MICROCODE
* Advanced Power Management feature set
SET_MAX security extension
* 48-bit Address feature set
* Device Configuration Overlay feature set
* Mandatory FLUSH_CACHE
* FLUSH_CACHE_EXT
* SMART error logging
* SMART self-test
* General Purpose Logging feature set
* WRITE_{DMA|MULTIPLE}_FUA_EXT
* 64-bit World wide name
* IDLE_IMMEDIATE with UNLOAD
* WRITE_UNCORRECTABLE_EXT command
* {READ,WRITE}_DMA_EXT_GPL commands
* Segmented DOWNLOAD_MICROCODE
* Gen1 signaling speed (1.5Gb/s)
* Gen2 signaling speed (3.0Gb/s)
* Native Command Queueing (NCQ)
* Host-initiated interface power management
* Phy event counters
* Idle-Unload when NCQ is active
* DMA Setup Auto-Activate optimization
Device-initiated interface power management
* Software settings preservation
* SMART Command Transport (SCT) feature set
* SCT Write Same (AC2)
* SCT Error Recovery Control (AC3)
* SCT Features Control (AC4)
* SCT Data Tables (AC5)
Security:
Master password revision code = 65534
supported
not enabled
not locked
frozen
not expired: security count
supported: enhanced erase
110min for SECURITY ERASE UNIT. 110min for ENHANCED SECURITY ERASE UNIT.
Logical Unit WWN Device Identifier: 50000394c378ce7b
NAA : 5
IEEE OUI : 000039
Unique ID : 4c378ce7b
Checksum: correct
/dev/sdb:
ATA device, with non-removable media
Model Number: @��A�T+QAJEJS G� A q"s�t�2Q.T�5" s
Serial Number: 53VFWB9TT
Firmware Revision: AJp"1�`�
Media Serial Num: ����������������������������������������
Media Manufacturer: ��������������������
Standards:
Used: unknown (minor revision code 0xf5ab)
Supported: 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 5
Likely used: 14
Configuration:
Logical max current
cylinders 16383 0
heads 16 0
sectors/track 63 0
--
Logical Sector size: 512 bytes
Physical Sector size: 512 bytes
device size with M = 1024*1024: 8063 MBytes
device size with M = 1000*1000: 8455 MBytes (8 GB)
cache/buffer size = 8192 KBytes
Form Factor: 2.5 inch
Nominal Media Rotation Rate: 5400
Capabilities:
IORDY(may be)(can be disabled)
Queue depth: 32
Standby timer values: spec'd by Standard, no device specific minimum
R/W multiple sector transfer: Max = 234 Current = 2
Advanced power management level: 127
Recommended acoustic management value: 125, current value: 170
DMA: sdma0 sdma1 sdma2 mdma0 mdma1 mdma2 (?)
Cycle time: min=32699ns recommended=32682ns
PIO: pio0 pio1 pio2 pio3 pio4 pio5 pio6 pio7 pio8
Cycle time: no flow control=62907ns IORDY flow control=24058ns
Commands/features:
Enabled Supported:
* Security Mode feature set
* Power Management feature set
* Write cache
* SERVICE interrupt
* DEVICE_RESET command
* Host Protected Area feature set
WRITE_VERIFY command
* WRITE_BUFFER command
READ_BUFFER command
* NOP cmd
* Advanced Power Management feature set
Removable Media Status Notification feature set
* Power-Up In Standby feature set
* SET_FEATURES required to spinup after power up
* Address Offset Reserved Area Boot
* SET_MAX security extension
* 48-bit Address feature set
* Device Configuration Overlay feature set
* Mandatory FLUSH_CACHE
* FLUSH_CACHE_EXT
* SMART self-test
* Media Card Pass Through Command feature set
* General Purpose Logging feature set
* WRITE_{DMA|MULTIPLE}_FUA_EXT
* WRITE_DMA_QUEUED_FUA_EXT
* 64-bit World wide name
URG for READ_STREAM[_DMA]_EXT
* URG for WRITE_STREAM[_DMA]_EXT
* Time Limited Commands (TLC) feature set
* Command Completion Time Limit (CCTL)
(301220 msec for TLC completion timer)
* Disable Data Transfer After Error Detection
* Write-Read-Verify feature set
* WRITE_UNCORRECTABLE_EXT command
* {READ,WRITE}_DMA_EXT_GPL commands
* Segmented DOWNLOAD_MICROCODE
* Free-fall Control feature set
* unknown 119[7]
* unknown 119[8]
* unknown 119[9]
* unknown 119[10]
* unknown 119[12]
* unknown 76[0]
* Gen1 signaling speed (1.5Gb/s)
* Gen2 signaling speed (3.0Gb/s)
* Gen3 signaling speed (6.0Gb/s)
* unknown 76[5]
* unknown 76[7]
* Native Command Queueing (NCQ)
* Phy event counters
* Idle-Unload when NCQ is active
* NCQ priority information
* Host automatic Partial to Slumber transitions
* Device automatic Partial to Slumber transitions
unknown 78[0]
* Non-Zero buffer offsets in DMA Setup FIS
Device-initiated interface power management
* Asynchronous notification (eg. media change)
* unknown 78[7]
* Device Sleep (DEVSLP)
unknown 78[9]
* unknown 78[10]
unknown 78[11]
* unknown 78[12]
unknown 78[13]
* unknown 78[14]
* SMART Command Transport (SCT) feature set
* SCT Read/Write Long (AC1), obsolete
* SCT Write Same (AC2)
* SCT Error Recovery Control (AC3)
* SCT Features Control (AC4)
* SCT Data Tables (AC5)
unknown 206[6]
unknown 206[7]
unknown 206[8]
unknown 206[9]
unknown 206[10]
unknown 206[11]
unknown 206[12] (vendor specific)
unknown 206[13] (vendor specific)
unknown 206[14] (vendor specific)
unknown 206[15] (vendor specific)
* reserved 69[1]
* Extended number of user addressable sectors
* Device encrypts all user data
* Optional ATA device 28-bit commands
* IEEE 1667 authentication of transient storage devices
* DOWNLOAD MICROCODE DMA command
* SET MAX SETPASSWORD/UNLOCK DMA commands
* WRITE BUFFER DMA command
* DEVICE CONFIGURATION SET/IDENTIFY DMA commands
Security:
Master password revision code = 65534
supported
not enabled
not locked
frozen
not expired: security count
supported: enhanced erase
112min for SECURITY ERASE UNIT. 112min for ENHANCED SECURITY ERASE UNIT.
Logical Unit WWN Device Identifier: 50000394c4b8c204
NAA : 5
IEEE OUI : 000039
Unique ID : 4c4b8c204
Checksum: correct
重要な場合とそうでない可能性がある状況：RAWデバイスを使用するRAID 1 mdアレイには、2つの同じ500 GBドライブがあります。私はDebian BusterにRAIDアレイを設定し、長年にわたって正常に使用してきました。 Debian Bullseyeを新しくインストールしました。私はDebian Bullseyeを新しくインストールした後、しばらくの間RAIDアレイを使用していませんでした。
答え1
次の内容を見るたびに：
/dev/sdb:
SG_IO: bad/missing sense data, sb[]: 70 00 05 00 00 00 00 0a 04 51 40 01 21 04 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
max sectors = 1610577834/1(1?), HPA setting seems invalid (buggy kernel device driver?)
そして：
ATA device, with non-removable media
Model Number: @��A�T+QAJEJS G� A q"s�t�2Q.T�5" s
Serial Number: 53VFWB9TT
Firmware Revision: AJp"1�`�
Media Serial Num: ����������������������������������������
Media Manufacturer: ��������������������
ハードウェア障害に備えてください。
プラグを抜いて別のコンピュータに接続したと説明します。 （これはコンポーネント（コンピュータなど）を取り除くための良い方法ですが、欠陥のあるデバイスが短絡によって他のデバイスの誤動作を引き起こす場合に問題を悪化させる方法です。回路/ etc）をコンピュータに再接続すると、すべてが「正常」のように見えました。これは、接続/ケーブルが不良であるという典型的な信号です。
- ケーブル故障
- プラグがゆるい
- 曲がった/直線ケーブルは接続されていません。
- など。